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结核病(tuberculosis,TB)是一种由结核分支杆菌(Mycobacteria tuberculosis,MTB)引起的人兽共患的慢性传染病,可累及全身多个脏器,但以肺结核(pulmonary tuberculosis,PTB)最为常见。由于MTB 耐药株出现、HIV合并MTB感染以及大规模高危人群流动,因而造成TB的全球流行。据WHO估计,2000年全球11B感染人数20亿,发病人数1000万,死亡人数350万;2000年第四次全国结核病流行病学抽样调查发现我国TB感染人数5.5 亿,活动性肺结核人数600万,死亡人数25万,TB 已成为我国乃至世界危害最严重的疾病之一。
Tuberculosis (TB) is a zoonotic chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacteria tuberculosis (MTB). It can affect multiple organs of the whole body but is most commonly seen with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). The global epidemic of TB has resulted from the emergence of MTB-resistant strains, the HIV-associated MTB infection and the large-scale movement of high-risk populations. According to WHO estimates, in 2000, the number of 11B global infections was 2 billion, the number of cases was 10 million and the number of deaths was 3.5 million. In the fourth national epidemiological survey of tuberculosis in 2000, it was found that TB infection in China was 550 million and that of active tuberculosis was 6 million. With 250,000 fatalities, TB has become one of the most endangered diseases in our country and in the world.