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在俄罗斯的民间传说和文学作品中,“傻瓜”这个角色有很多名字——伊万,叶梅利扬,杜拉克,涅斯纳伊卡等。不论怎么称呼,这些角色的特点和行为方式都是相类似的。“傻瓜”的角色在民俗和文学中的表现是不同的。民俗中的“傻瓜”形象是广大劳动人民在东正教的影响下想象出来一个十分贴近生活,又很有特点,反映人们的世界观和人民心理的童话主人公。而文学中的“傻瓜”形象则主要用来帮助作家创造正人君子的文学形象,将一个民间人物融入文学作品中,这给作家提供了丰富的创作空间。
In Russian folklore and literary works, the character “fool” has many names - Ivan, Yemelyon, Dukla, Nesnajka and others. No matter how they are called, the characteristics and behavior of these characters are similar. “Fool ” role in the performance of folklore and literature is different. The image of “idiot” in the folk custom is the fairy tale protagonist imagined by the majority of working people under the influence of the Orthodox Church, which is very close to life and has its own characteristics and reflects people’s world outlook and people’s psychology. The literary “fool ” image is mainly used to help writers create literary images of gentlemen, the integration of a folk figure in literary works, which provides writers with a wealth of creative space.