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中外劳动效率对比 1984年是我国经济发展相对顺利、经济效益显著提高的一年,当年全民工业企业全员劳动生产率比1978年提高了26.7％,但与先进国家相比,差距仍令人吃惊:我国钢铁工业的劳动生产率约为日本的1/25;汽车工业的劳动生产率约为日本的1/100。 就每一个劳动者而言,差距更为明显:我国一工只能采煤1吨,而联邦德国则为3.18吨,日本为2.80吨;我国一个炼油工人每年可炼油938吨,日本为9318吨;同样一个水泥工人,在我国每年只可生产水泥255吨,日本则可生产4363吨;每一个农民可养活的人口数,荷兰为112人,美国是79人,苏联则是14人,我国只有3～4人。 以支付一定量的工资所创造的财富而言,我国也比发达国家低得多。我国煤炭工人日工资在1984年左右约为5.6元(包括劳保福利及各种补贴),美国煤炭工人日工资折合人民币为87元,但我国采煤工
The comparison of labor efficiency between China and other countries In 1984, China enjoyed a relatively smooth economic growth and a marked increase in economic benefits. In that year, the labor productivity of all industrial enterprises in the whole country increased by 26.7% over 1978, but the gap with the advanced countries was still quite staggering: The labor productivity of China’s steel industry is about 1/25 of that of Japan; the labor productivity of the automobile industry is about 1/100 of that of Japan. For each laborer, the gap is even more pronounced: one tonne of coal can only be used for coal mining in one tonne, compared with 3.18 tonne in the Federal Republic of Germany and 2.80 tonne in Japan; one refinery in China can refine 938 tonne per year and Japan is 9318 tonne ; The same cement worker can produce only 255 tons of cement per year in our country and 4,363 tons in Japan; the number of people that can be supported by each farmer is 112 in the Netherlands, 79 in the United States and 14 in the Soviet Union, 3 to 4 people. In terms of the wealth created by paying a certain amount of wages, our country is also much lower than the developed countries. The daily wage of coal workers in China was about 5.6 yuan (including labor insurance benefits and various kinds of subsidies) in 1984, while the daily wage of coal workers in the United States was 87 yuan. However, China’s coal miners