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目的评价产前用地塞米松预防早产儿发生呼吸窘迫综合征(RDS)的临床疗效。方法 120例早产RDS患儿分为未给予地塞米松组60例(对照组)和地塞米松组60例(试验组),2组均接受基础治疗,试验组即产前肌内注射地塞米松6 mg,q12 h,共4次,比较2组临床总体疗效,早产儿RDS发生情况,持续呼吸道正压通气(NCPAP)使用率及使用时间和死亡情况。结果试验组和对照组RDS发生率分别为1.67%,6.67%;新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病/新生儿脑室出血(HIE/IVH)发生率分别为18.33%与43.33%,死亡率分别为8.33%与20.00%,试验组均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。2组早产儿1,5 min Apgar评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论产前用地塞米松并结合综合护理措施是预防早产儿发生RDS的有效方法,且能降低NCPAP的临床应用及早产儿病死率。
Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of prenatal dexamethasone in preventing premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Methods A total of 120 preterm infants with RDS were divided into 60 cases (control group) without dexamethasone group and 60 cases (dexamethasone group) with dexamethasone group. Both groups received basic treatment, and the experimental group received intramuscular injection of dexamethasone 6 mg of mitomycin, q12 h for 4 times. The overall clinical curative effect, occurrence of RDS in preterm infants, duration of continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP), duration of use and death were compared. Results The incidences of RDS in experimental and control groups were 1.67% and 6.67%, respectively. The incidences of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy / neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage (HIE / IVH) were 18.33% and 43.33%, respectively, and the mortality rates were 8.33 % And 20.00% respectively, the experimental group were significantly lower than the control group (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in Apgar score between the two groups at 1,5 min (P> 0.05). Conclusion Prenatal dexamethasone combined with comprehensive nursing measures is an effective way to prevent RDS in preterm infants, and can reduce the clinical application of NCPAP and the mortality of premature infants.