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80年代末以来,国外某些研究社会主义改革问题的经济学家,尤其是东欧的一些经济学家,转向了一种在改革浪潮中曾经被否定的观点:市场经济就是资本主义经济,资本主义与市场经济不可分,社会主义与市场经济不相容。这种观点的实质是否认社会主义经济体制具有“可改革性(reformability)”。就是说,在社会主义性质允许的范围内,传统的苏联型体制是不可改革的,这种体制的出路不外两条:或者坚持传统体制的基本框架,至多只是小心谨慎地引入一点市场因素加以补充和改良,而不能实行任何市场取向的改革,以保证它的社会主义性质;或者放弃社会主义本身,转向资本主义,只有这样,才能建立市场经济。考虑到第一条道路已经有过多次失败的尝试(例如苏联的柯西金改革),所以这种观点所反映的,实际上是一些人在社会主义选择范围内的改革遭受挫折之后对社会主义本身丧失了信心。 科尔奈的新著《通向自由经济的道路》就是反映上述观点的一本重要著作。他在分析了匈牙利几十年改革的经历之后认为,第三条道路是不存在的。他主张转向资本主义的自由市场经济。由于科尔奈在社会主义经济问题方面的学术造诣,他的著作的英文本一出版就引起了热烈的讨论。一些西方经济学家对这本著作给予了很高的评价。同时,也有不少资深经济学家对他的观点和主张提出了异议。这里翻译发表的就是因《可行的社会主义经济》一书而已为我国读者熟悉的英国经济学家阿·诺夫教授最近撰写的一篇批评科尔奈观点的文章。 这里译载的美国著名比较经济学专家蒙泰尔斯和波兰经济学家巴塞洛维奇的两篇文章则有助于人们从另一个侧面去思考社会主义经济的可改革性问题:社会主义经济改革普遍遇到的挫折,究竟是由于这种经济的本性使它天然地排斥任何真正的改革,因而只能放弃改革,在前面所说的两条道路中挑选一条?还是由于改革战略——例如,改革的基本取向、进展的深度和速度、措施的配套性等等——方面的失误所致?
Since the late 1980s, some foreign economists studying the issue of socialist reforms, especially some of them in Eastern Europe, have turned to the point that was denied in the tide of reform: the market economy is a capitalist economy and capitalism Inseparable from the market economy and incompatible between socialism and the market economy. The essence of this view is to deny that the socialist economic system has “reformability.” In other words, within the scope permitted by the nature of socialism, the traditional Soviet-type system is irreversible. There are only two ways out of this system: the basic framework of adhering to the traditional system is at most cautious introduction of a little market factor Supplement and improve, and can not implement any market-oriented reforms in order to guarantee its socialist character. Or abandon socialism and turn to capitalism. Only in this way can a market economy be established. Considering that the first path has failed many attempts (such as the Kosygin reform in the Soviet Union), the view reflected in this view is that in actual fact some people are socialists after the setbacks in the socialist choice have been setback Lost confidence in itself. Kornai's new book, “The Path to a Free Economy,” is an important book reflecting this view. After analyzing the decades of Hungary's reform experience, he believes that the third path does not exist. He advocated a shift to capitalist free-market economy. Due to Kornai's academic attainments in socialist economic issues, the English version of his book was published in a heated discussion. Some Western economists have given this book a high rating. At the same time, many senior economists also raised objections to his views and opinions. The translator here publishes a recent article criticizing Kornai, a professor of British economist familiar to our readers who is familiar with my country's readership, as a book entitled “A Feasible Socialist Economy.” The two articles by Montes, the famous comparative economist here in the United States, and Bartholovich, the Polish economist, help people to think about the reformability of the socialist economy from another perspective: the socialist economy Whether the setback generally encountered by the reform is due to the nature of the economy renders it a natural exclusion from any real reform, so that we can only give up the reform, choose one of the two paths mentioned earlier, or because of the reform strategy - for example, , The basic orientation of reform, the depth and speed of progress, the matching of measures, etc. - caused by mistakes?