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1946年,美国学者埃德加戴尔就提出了学习金字塔理论。该理论认为,讲授和阅读属于被动学习,是学习效率最低的学习方式;而讨论组、实际操作属于主动学习,是学习效率最高的学习方式。美国缅因州国家科学实验室也做过类似的研究并得出同样的结论,至此以后,美国的教育体系全面利用金字塔学习理论进行教学。无论是美国的金字塔理论,还是魏书生培养学生自学能力的做法以及新课程改革的理念,他们的认识和观念是统一的,即变被动学习为主动学习,这样才能提高学习效率。
In 1946, American scholar Edgar Dell proposed studying the theory of the pyramid. The theory that the teaching and reading are passive learning, learning efficiency is the lowest learning style; the discussion group, the actual operation is active learning, learning is the most efficient learning. The U.S. Maine National Science Laboratory has done similar research and reached the same conclusion. Since then, the U.S. education system has made full use of pyramid learning theory for teaching. Whether it is the American pyramid theory, Wei Shusheng’s practice of cultivating students’ self-learning ability and the idea of new curriculum reform, their cognition and conception are unified, that is, changing from passive learning to active learning can improve learning efficiency.