一、引言“节缩”是为了使语句简明、节拍协调或其他修辞目的而把一些音节过多的词语加以删节或归并的一种修辞方式。例如毛泽东同志的《沁园春·雪》中的“秦皇汉武”、“唐宗宋祖”分别是“秦始皇”、“汉武帝”、“唐太宗”、“宋太祖”的“节缩”。再如“科技”、“外长”等“简称”和“三好”、“四化”等“缩语”也都属于词语的“节缩”。成语是汉语语汇中的一种特殊成分,它与一般词语不同,具有结构的定型性和意义的整体性两个突出的特点,因此,人们也常称之为“固定词组”或“固定短语”。但值得注意的是,某些成语在特定的语境中也可以采用“节缩”这种修辞方式,突破成语的习用定格而 I. INTRODUCTION “Condensation” is a rhetorical means of abridgement or merge of some syllable words in order to make sentences concise, beat-coordinated or other rhetorical purpose. For example, “Qinhuang Hanwu” and “Tang Zong Songzu” in “Patio Spring Snow” by Comrade Mao Zedong are “Condensation” of “Emperor Qin Shihuang”, “Han Wudi”, “Emperor Taizong”, and “Song Taizu” respectively. Another example is the “abbreviation” of “science and technology”, “foreign minister” and “abbreviation” such as “three good” and “four modernizations.” Idiom is a special component in Chinese vocabulary, which is different from common words and has two salient features: structure fixedness and meaning integrality. Therefore, people often refer to it as “fixed phrase” or “fixed phrase” . However, it is worth noting that some idioms may also adopt the rhetorical method of “contracting” in specific contexts to break through the idioms of idioms