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目的分析珠江三角洲公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生状况,为卫生管理提供依据。方法从珠江三角洲地区的广州、深圳、佛山、珠海、中山、惠州、江门等城市随机抽取25家酒店、宾馆、饭店、展览馆、医院、商场、体育馆等公共场所的集中空调通风系统进行检测。检测指标包括空调送风管道内表面积尘量、积尘中菌落总数、真菌总数和β-溶血性链球菌以及送风中可吸入颗粒物(PM10)、菌落总数、真菌总数、β-溶血性链球菌以及冷却水中嗜肺军团菌。结果风管内表面各相关指标分别抽检样品170份,积尘量合格率为68.24%,菌落总数合格率为99.41%,真菌总数和β-溶血性链球菌合格率均为100.00%;送风系统各相关指标分别抽检样品112份,送风中PM10合格率为75.89%,菌落总数合格率为73.21%,真菌总数合格率为97.32%,β-溶血性链球菌合格率为100.00%。抽检102份冷却塔冷却水,合格89份,合格率为87.25%。相关分析表明,积尘量与PM10、积尘量与送风中菌落总数、PM10与送风中菌落总数均具有相关性(Spearman相关系数分别为0.336、-0.240、-0.203,P<0.01或P<0.05)。送风中PM10和室内空气PM10具有相关性(Spearman相关系数为0.986,P<0.01),送风中菌落总数和室内空气菌落总数具有相关性(Spearman相关系数为-0.209,P<0.01)。结论珠江三角洲集中空调通风系统卫生状况整体良好,但仍存在一定程度的污染。
Objective To analyze the hygienic conditions of central air conditioning and ventilation system in public places in the Pearl River Delta and provide the basis for health management. Methods A total of 25 hotels, guesthouses, restaurants, exhibition halls, hospitals, shopping malls, gymnasiums and other public places were selected from cities such as Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Foshan, Zhuhai, Zhongshan, Huizhou and Jiangmen in the Pearl River Delta region for testing. The detection indexes include the amount of dust on the inner surface of the air-conditioning air supply pipeline, the total number of colonies in the dust accumulation, the total number of fungi and β-hemolytic streptococcus, and the PM10 in the air supply, the total number of colonies, the total number of fungi, β-hemolytic streptococcus And Legionella pneumophila in cooling water. Results 170 samples of the internal surface of the duct were sampled, the passing rate of dust accumulation was 68.24%, the passing rate of total number of colonies was 99.41%, the total number of fungi and the pass rate of β-hemolytic streptococcus were 100.00% The relevant indicators were sampled 112 samples, air supply PM10 pass rate of 75.89%, the total number of colonies qualified rate was 73.21%, the total number of fungi pass rate of 97.32%, β-hemolytic streptococcus pass rate of 100.00%. Sampling 102 cooling towers cooling water, 89 qualified, with a pass rate of 87.25%. Correlation analysis showed that there was a correlation between the amount of dust accumulation and PM10, the amount of dust accumulation and the total number of airborne bacteria, PM10 and total number of airborne bacteria (Spearman correlation coefficient was 0.336, -0.240, -0.203, P <0.01 or P <0.05). The correlation between PM10 in air supply and PM10 in indoor air was significant (Spearman correlation coefficient: 0.986, P <0.01). The total number of airborne airborne colonies was correlated with the total number of indoor air colonies (Spearman correlation coefficient -0.209, P <0.01). Conclusion The health condition of centralized air conditioning and ventilation system in the Pearl River Delta is generally good, but there is still some degree of pollution.