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一、我国森林火灾的概况、危害与特点(一)森林火灾的概况森林火灾是影响森林稳定发展的主要灾害之一,它每年都会给林业生产带来严重的损失,并影响森林资源的保护与发展。据1950～1989年的统计,全国共发生森林火灾61.7万起,年均发生火灾超过1.5万起,森林受灾面积约3600万 hm~2,是建国40年来人工林保存面积3100万 hm~2的1.16倍。年平均森林受灾面积约占全国森林面积的8.7‰,为世界年平均森林火灾受害率1‰的8倍多。从各个时期看(见表1),我国“一五”时期,森林火灾发生次数和受灾森林面积所占的比列最高,是森林火灾最为严重的时期。至“五五”时期以前,我国森
I. Overview, Harms and Characteristics of Forest Fires in China (I) Overview of Forest Fires Forest fires are one of the major disasters that affect the steady development of forests. Each year, they bring serious losses to forestry production and affect the protection of forest resources development of. According to statistics from 1950 to 1989, a total of 617,000 forest fires occurred nationwide, with an average annual number of fires exceeding 15,000. The area affected by the forest was about 36 million hm 2, an area of 31 million hm 2 preserved for 40 years after the founding of the People’s Republic of China 1.16 times. The annual average area affected by the forest accounts for 8.7 ‰ of the national forest area, which is more than 8 times of the annual average rate of forest fire damage of 1 ‰. From each period (see Table 1), in the first five-year period of our country, the highest number of forest fires and the area of affected forest area are the most serious period of forest fires. Until the “five five” period ago, my country Sen