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油菜是冬季的主要作物,播种面积大,经济效益好。目前,杂交油菜没有推广普及,因此,必须重视油菜的选种、留种工作,以提高油菜的产量和品质。 1.选种。油菜留种必须选择具有本品种特性、长相整齐一致、经济性状好、无变异、无病虫的健壮单株。甘蓝型油菜和芥菜型油菜属常异交作物,自交亲和性强,其异交结实率通常在10%以下,但白菜型油菜是典型的异花授粉作物,异交结实率达75～85%,由于昆虫与风力传播花粉,除了品种间容易自然杂交外,油菜还容易与大白菜、小白菜、芜青等杂交。因此,选种的一个重要原则是
Rape is the main crop in winter, sown area, good economic returns. At present, hybrid rapeseed is not popularized, therefore, we must pay attention to the selection of rapeseed species to stay in order to improve the yield and quality of rapeseed. 1. Selection. Rapeseed species must choose to have the characteristics of the species, looks neat, economic character, no mutation, no pest robust plant. Brassica napus and Brassica juncea are often outcrops with strong self-compatibility, and their outcrossing rate is usually below 10%. However, Brassica campestris is a typical cross-pollination crop with outcrossing rate of 75 ~ 85%. Due to insects and wind-transmitted pollen, rape is also easily cross-linked with Chinese cabbage, Chinese cabbage and turnip in addition to natural crossbreeding among varieties. Therefore, an important principle of selection is