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在对我国火力发电用水现状进行调查的基础上，主要预测分析了未来的用水方案。在对我国经济发展和电力需求进行预测的基础上，提出了5种可行的火力发电发展方案，并针对每种方案的用水情况进行了分析研究。结果表明，如果没有较大调整，未来20年火力发电的用水量增加率不会很大(增加约15%~20%)，但耗水量增长巨大，将在2008年基础上至少增加2.6倍。在这一预测中，考虑了较多因素，如可再生能源发电和核能发电得到了充分发展，直流冷却火力发电形式逐渐被取缔，空冷技术以及大容量高参数机组得以大量建设。为了解决火力发电用水问题，未来应加快节水技术的开发和应用，文中同时对一些潜在的节水技术进行了分析和展望。“,”Based on the state-of-art water consumption investigation in thermal power plants of China, the water usage projects for the next two decades were predicted and analyzed. Through economic development and the electric demand prediction, five feasible power development programs were presented, and the quantitative water consumption analysis was made based on each program. The results show that although the water withdrawal in thermal power generation has a minor increase (about 15%-20%), the water consumption increases at least 2.6 times higher compared with years of 2008 in next two decades if the water usage strategy develops at the current situation. In such situation many development strategies were considered, for example, the renewable energy and nuclear power generation have made great development, the once-through cooling systems in thermal power generation are replaced gradually, and the air cooling systems as well as the large capacity units with high parameters are constructed substantially. In order to solve the above water usage problems, great efforts should be made including accelerating water conservation technologies exploitation and application. Some potential water conservation technologies were also prospected and analyzed.