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一、计划调节和市场调节的特点和条件计划调节和市场调节作为调节经济的两种方式各有其特点和条件。计划调节即国家按照经济规律和不同时期经济发展的客观要求,以国家的权力或行政约束力为手段来安排经济活动。它具有以下特点;①自觉性,即人们根据对经济规律的认识和社会的客观需要主动调节经济活动;②事前性,即在事先预测的基础上通过制定计划指标和实施参数控制经济;③直接性,即计划调节往往直接规定生产经营活动的各项指标;④长期性,计划可以规划经济发展方向、发展战略等具有长远意义的经济项目;⑤快速性,计划调节发生作用所需的时间往往比较短。但计划调节要发挥良性作用是有条件的,首先要求有高度畅通的信息渠道,其次要求决策者主观认识的准确性,同时还要有先进的计划手段等等。
First, the program adjustment and market regulation characteristics and conditions Planning regulation and market regulation as the two ways to regulate the economy have their own characteristics and conditions. Plan adjustment means that the state arranges economic activities according to the economic laws and the objective requirements of economic development in different periods and with the power or administrative binding power of the state as a means. It has the following characteristics: ① Consciousness, that is, people take the initiative to regulate economic activities based on the understanding of economic laws and the objective needs of society; ② Ex ante, that is, control of the economy through the formulation of planning indicators and implementation parameters on the basis of prior predictions; ③ Direct That is, the plan adjustment often directly stipulates various indicators of production and business activities; ④ long-term, planning can plan economic development direction, development strategy and other long-term economic projects; ⑤ rapidity, planning adjustment takes time Shorter. However, there are conditions for planning regulation to play a virtuous role. First, there is a need for a highly accessible information channel. Second, policymakers’ subjective understanding of accuracy is required, along with advanced planning tools and so on.