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一、三国政府支持技术进步的基本情况半个多世纪以来,美国的经济实力与科技水平一直领先于世界各国,为了保持这种优势,美国政府不断调整科技战略,强化基础研究,培养高新技术人才。20世纪80年代日本和德国的迅速崛起,对美国钢铁、汽车、石化等传统产业产生了强烈冲击,里根政府开始重新审视自己的科技政策与经济政策,一方面通过影响多边贸易与投资体制来限制对手实施歧视性贸易、投资和技术政策,一方面开始制定并实施中长期的科技发展战略。1993年,克林顿入主白宫一个多月,政府就提出了《以技术促进增长:一个振兴美国经济的新方向》计划,着力发展21世纪具有战略地位
For more than half a century, the U.S. economic strength and technological level have always been ahead of the rest of the world. In order to maintain this advantage, the U.S. government has continuously adjusted its strategy in science and technology, strengthened basic research, and trained high-tech professionals . The rapid rise of Japan and Germany in the 1980s had a severe impact on the traditional industries such as steel, automobile and petrochemical industries in the United States. The Reagan administration began to reexamine its own scientific and technological policies and economic policies while limiting its influence through multilateral trade and investment institutions Opponents of discriminatory trade, investment and technology policies, on the one hand, have started to formulate and implement medium- and long-term strategies for science and technology development. In 1993, just over a month after Clinton was admitted to the White House, the government put forward the plan of “promoting growth by technology: a new direction for rejuvenating the U.S. economy.” It focused on developing a strategic position in the 21st century