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在最佳实践指南第二章陈述的最佳实践标准中,重点讲述了鉴别活动性结核的方方面面,目的是针对与病例发现相关的一些挑战。当就诊者属于结核菌感染高危人群时,开始即与其建立一种良好的关系是非常重要的。第一项标准重点讲述如何评价某人是否可能患有结核病,第二项标准详细阐述如何留取用于诊断的痰标本。这些标准主要针对医务人员,因为他们要判断到卫生医疗机构的就诊者是否患有结核病。因此,他们需要熟悉与结核病有关的体征、症状及危险因素。当就诊者为疑似结核病患者时,医务人员需要确保对就诊者进行了正确的检查,并遵循了适当的流程,从而使得质量最好的痰标本被送往实验室,且所有需要填写的资料清晰和正确。可以通过准确而及时的检查报告、对每例发现病人的登记和每例需要治疗病人的治疗依从性,来验证这些标准是否被成功地应用。
Among the best practice standards set out in chapter II of the best practice guide, highlighting aspects of identifying active TB are aimed at addressing some of the challenges associated with case finding. When the patient belongs to the high risk of TB infection, it is very important to establish a good relationship with them at the beginning. The first standard focuses on how to assess whether a person is at risk for tuberculosis and the second on how to take a sputum sample for diagnosis. These standards are mainly for medical staff because they have to determine whether a person visiting a health-care facility has TB. Therefore, they need to be familiar with the signs, symptoms and risk factors associated with tuberculosis. When the patient is a suspected TB patient, the healthcare provider needs to ensure that the patient is properly examined and follows proper procedures so that the best-quality sputum samples are sent to the laboratory and all information required to be completed is clear And correct. It is possible to verify that these criteria have been successfully applied through accurate and timely examination of the report, registration of each patient found, and treatment adherence of each patient to be treated.