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无论是江河的大堤,还是水库的大坝,都修成上窄下宽的形状,其横截面如图所示,其目的主要是为了“三防”.1.防水压根据液体内部压强公式p=ρgh可知,堤坝内的水越靠近堤坝底,水深h越大,水产生的压强也越大,堤坝下宽能承受较大的水压,确保堤坝的安全.2.防渗透堤坝下部受水的压强越大,水越容易渗进坝体,把下部修得宽些,就
Whether it is the embankment of a river or the dam of a reservoir, it has been designed to have a narrow upper and lower width. Its cross-section is as shown in the figure, and its purpose is mainly to “three defenses.” 1. The waterproof pressure is based on the liquid internal pressure formula p=ρgh shows that the water in the dam is closer to the bottom of the dam, the greater the water depth h, the greater the pressure generated by the water, and the lower width of the dam can withstand greater water pressure to ensure the safety of the dam. 2. The lower part of the impervious dam is under water The greater the pressure, the easier it is for the water to seep into the dam and to make the lower part wider.