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1910年,Osler报告了一例反复发作心绞痛的男性青年患者,死后尸检无冠状动脉粥样硬化的证据。1951年,Zoll亦报告了大量相似的观察结果。随着冠脉造影技术的普及,评估冠脉管腔狭窄的程度已成为可能,并发现越来越多的冠脉造影正常的心绞痛患者。CASS的研究表明,500例明确的心绞痛患者,其中13%的冠脉血管造影正常,有的报告认为此类患者占冠脉造影的30%。X综合征的定义、临床表现及心功能改变Kemp于1973年将临床表现为劳力性心绞痛,但无冠脉狭窄和冠脉痉挛证据的命名为X综合征。1987年,Lancet杂志提出了新的概念:活动后出现典型心绞痛,无冠脉狭窄和痉挛,也无其它明显原因(高血压、瓣膜病和明显心肌病),且静息心功能正常,并有心肌缺血的表现,运动试验阳性,TI~(201)显像
In 1910 Osler reported a case of young male patients with recurrent angina pectoris and evidence of post-mortem autopsy-free coronary atherosclerosis. In 1951, Zoll also reported a large number of similar observations. With the popularity of coronary angiography, it has become possible to assess the extent of coronary stenosis and to find more and more angina patients with normal angiography. CASS study showed that 500 patients with definite angina, of which 13% of coronary angiography is normal, and some reports that such patients accounted for 30% of coronary angiography. Definition of X syndrome, clinical manifestations, and changes in cardiac function Kemp’s clinical presentation of angina pectoris in 1973, but no evidence of coronary artery stenosis and coronary spasm, is known as syndrome X. In 1987, Lancet magazine proposed a new concept: typical angina after the event, no coronary stenosis and spasms, and no other obvious causes (hypertension, valvular disease, and obvious cardiomyopathy) with normal resting heart function and Myocardial ischemia, motor test was positive, TI ~ (201) imaging