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生命早期在分子和细胞水平发生的事件可导致婴儿终身表型改变,其分子机制是染色质的表观遗传修饰,它改变了基因的表达和随后的表型。表观遗传改变是指在没有细胞核DNA序列改变的情况下,基因功能可逆、可遗传性改变。基因组含有两种遗传信息:一种是DNA序列所提供的遗传信息;另一种是表观遗传信息,比如DNA甲基化、组蛋白共价修饰、非编码RNA及基因组印记等。研究较多的表观遗传调节包括:胞嘧啶DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰、基因组印记、非编码RNA调控、染色质重塑等。
Early life events at the molecular and cellular levels can lead to a lifelong phenotype in infants whose molecular mechanism is the epigenetic modification of the chromatin that alters the gene’s expression and subsequent phenotype. Epigenetic changes are reversible and heritable changes in the absence of changes in the nuclear DNA sequence. The genome contains two kinds of genetic information: one is the genetic information provided by the DNA sequence; the other is epigenetic information such as DNA methylation, covalent modification of histones, non-coding RNA and genomic imprinting. More studies on epigenetic regulation include: cytosine DNA methylation, histone modification, genomic imprinting, non-coding RNA regulation, chromatin remodeling and so on.