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目的探讨苦豆子不同种群的等位酶特性,从生化水平上分析其遗传变异。方法采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,研究来源不同的24个苦豆子(Sophora alopecuroides L.)种群720个样本的遗传多样性,应用POPGEN 32分析数据,UPGMA绘制聚类图。结果 5个酶系统共检测到26个酶位点,多态位点百分数(P)为73.08%,平均期望杂合度(He)为0.337;Shannon信息指数(I)为0.517;各种群间基因分化系数(FST)为0.427;基因流(Nm)的平均值为0.687;种群间的遗传一致度为0.581 5～0.926 1,平均为0.769 0。聚类分析显示,种群间存在遗传分化。结论苦豆子具有较高的遗传多样性,种群间的遗传分化是其遗传多样性的主要来源;各种群间的遗传距离与地理距离间没有明显的关系。
Objective To investigate the allelic characteristics of different populations of Sophora alopecuroides and to analyze its genetic variation from the biochemical level. Methods Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) was used to study the genetic diversity of 720 samples of 24 Sophora alopecuroides L. populations. POPGEN 32 was used to analyze the data and UPGMA was used to draw the cluster map. Results A total of 26 enzyme loci were detected in the 5 enzyme systems. The percentage of polymorphic loci (P) was 73.08% and the average expected heterozygosity (He) was 0.337. The Shannon information index (I) was 0.517. The coefficient of differentiation (FST) was 0.427. The average value of gene flow (Nm) was 0.687. The genetic agreement among populations was 0.581 5-0.926 1 with an average of 0.769 0. Cluster analysis showed that there was genetic differentiation among the populations. Conclusion Sophora alopecuroides has high genetic diversity, genetic differentiation among populations is the main source of its genetic diversity; genetic distance between each population has no obvious relationship with geographic distance.