本文用通径分析、主成分分析和聚类分析方法对近年全国育成的16个早籼良种主要性状的分析结果表明:产量和产量性状间存在极复杂的相关关系,以穗长、千粒重、穗着粒数和有效穗对产量的直接作用较大;按累积贡献率≥85％,确定了粒数因子、穗数因子、粒重因子和结实率因子4个主成分,以粒数因子的贡献率最大,为38.06％。16个早籼良种按遗传距离可分为3类。增大穗子和增加粒重是早籼品种进一步高产的主要育种途径之一。 The results of path analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis on the main characters of 16 early indica elite cultivars in recent years in China showed that there were extremely complicated correlations between yield and yield traits. The direct effect of grain number and effective panicle on yield was larger. According to the cumulative contribution rate of more than 85%, the four principal components of grain number, panicle number, grain weight and seed setting were determined. The contribution of grain number The largest rate was 38.06%. Sixteen indica elite can be divided into three groups according to their genetic distance. Increasing ears and increasing grain weight are one of the main breeding ways for further high-yielding indica varieties.