众所周知,喉部病变大多发生在喉的前部。本文指出,在婴儿及儿童应特别注意很多先天或后天性喉部病变是在喉的后部。作者描述了先天性疾病(喉裂、杓间蹼、声门下血管瘤)和插管术后并发症(肉芽肿、杓间纤维带、声门后部狭窄、杓状软骨脱位)等。先天畸形:(1)喉裂,主要表现为阻塞性呼吸困难,咳嗽,吸入性肺炎和肺膨胀不全。其它症状有喘呜,哭声细弱及异常哭声,常伴有食管畸形。Evans把喉裂分为三型:Ⅰ型喉裂限于声门上杓间区,裂口不累及环状软骨,此型很难与喉软化症相鉴别。Ⅱ型裂者环状软骨完全分开,向下可累及颈段气管。Ⅲ型 It is well-known that most of the laryngeal lesions occur in the anterior part of the larynx. This article points out that in infants and children should pay particular attention to many of the congenital or acquired throat lesions in the back of the throat. The authors describe congenital diseases (larynx, intervertebral web, subglottic hemangiomas) and post intubation complications (granuloma, interspinous fibers, posterior glottis, arytenoid cartilage dislocation) and the like. Congenital malformations: (1) laryngeal fissure, mainly as obstructive dyspnea, cough, aspiration pneumonia and pulmonary insufficiency. Other symptoms are wheezing, weak cries and abnormal crying, often accompanied by esophageal deformity. Evans divided the laryngeal fissure into three types: the type I laryngeal fissure is limited to the glottis upper ladle area, and the fissure does not involve the annular cartilage. This type of laryngeal fissure is difficult to differentiate from the carageena. Type Ⅱ cracked ring completely separated from the cartilage, down the neck can be involved tracheal. Ⅲ type