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[目的]调查2007年4月青海省互助地区中小学发生的疑似风疹暴发流行,并确定引起此次暴发的风疹病毒的基因型别。[方法]采集风疹急性期患者的血标本和咽拭子标本,使用酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)检测风疹IgM抗体对本次疫情进行证实,使用Vero/SLAM细胞对采集的咽拭子进行病毒分离,随后采用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)和序列测定的方法对分离的风疹病毒进行基因定型。[结果]对采集的20份疑似风疹血清标本进行风疹IgM抗体检测,其中14份为阳性结果,阳性率为70%,证实为风疹暴发;并成功分离到9株风疹病毒,全部鉴定为1E基因型,同时基因亲缘性关系树显示,该9株病毒在型内又形成两个小分支。[结论]从流行病学上来看,此次暴发是由至少两个不同传播链的1E基因型风疹病毒引起的。
[Objective] To investigate the prevalence of suspected rubella outbreak in primary and secondary schools in mutual aid areas of Qinghai Province in April 2007 and to determine the genotype of rubella virus that caused the outbreak. [Methods] Blood samples and throat swab samples were collected from acute rubella patients. The rubella IgM antibody was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to confirm the epidemic situation. Vero / SLAM cells were used to detect the virus The isolated rubella virus was then genotyped using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and sequencing. [Results] The rubella IgM antibodies were detected in 20 samples of suspected rubella, of which 14 were positive and the positive rate was 70%. Rubella was confirmed as outbreak and 9 strains of rubella virus were successfully isolated and all were identified as 1E gene At the same time, the phylogenetic tree showed that the 9 viruses formed two small branches in the type. [Conclusions] From an epidemiological point of view, the outbreak was caused by at least two rubella viruses with 1E genotypes of different transmission chains.