在明初思想家中,薛瑄(敬轩,1389—1464)继曹端而起,在北方开创“河东之学”。他摒弃一切空虚浮游之说,追求实理,讲究实用,重视实践,公开揭橥“实学”的旗帜,声言“读圣贤之书,句句字字有实用处,方为实学。若徒取以为口耳文词之资,非实学也。”(《读书续录》卷三)明人遂称其学为“践履笃实之学”(李贤:《文清公神道碑》),称其人为“实践之儒”(《明儒学案·师说》)。其主要著作为《读书录》、《读书续录》(阎禹锡仿《近思录》体例,将此二《录》类编为《读书全录》)和《薛文清先生全集》本文拟就其“实学”思想作一探讨,以就正于方家。一、实理实气说实理实气说是薛瑄“实学”思想的理论基础。作为一名笃实的程朱理学家,薛瑄也以理气观念解释天地万物的生成发育。不过,他在运用理气概念时,更加强调理气的真实 In the early Ming thinkers, Xue Xuan (Jing Xuan, 1389-1464) went up from Cao Duan in the north and pioneered the “study of Hedong” in the north. He abandoned all empty plans, pursued the truth, stress practical and practice, openly expose the banner of “real learning”, saying “it is practical to read the books of the sages, Oral words of the word, non-real learning also. ”(“ Continued reading volume ”Volume III) Ming scholars then called the study of“ Practice Benedict ”(Li Xian:“ Wen Qing Kung Temple Road monument ”), call them man-made“ practice Confucianism ”(“ Confucianism case division teacher said ”). His main works are as follows: “Reading Book”, “Reading Continuation” (Yan Yuxi imitation “Near Si Lu” style, the two “Record” class compiled as “Reading Book”) and “Complete Works of Mr. Xue Wenqing” “Real Learning” to make a discussion of ideas to be positive in the square. First, the real reason that the theory of truth is Xue 瑄 “real learning” theory of thought. As a talented Cheng-Zhu Cheng Neo-Confucianism, Xue Yi also explained the genesis and development of all things in the world with the concept of qi. However, when he applies the concept of empathy, he places greater emphasis on the truth of qi