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在地震勘探中出现了这种情况,一些厚层段产生了不好确定的反射波,虽然声测井显示了明显的速度分层。在许多情况下,没有产生反射是因为层理非常好,而地震波的频带无法把它们分辨出来。在不可分辨的剖面中阻抗结构的特点是周期性的,如砂页岩层序,这种剖面表现为频率衰减,这与一般起因于吸收的线性衰减是有区别的。这种区别可用耒区分吸收成分和地层成分的衰减,并比较它们的相对值。只有在反射系数异常大的深度段上可以计算出每百英尺零点几分贝的地层衰减。为了确定影响地层衰减的效应,导出了标志剖面特征的参数比例关系。
This occurred in seismic exploration, with some thick intervals producing poorly defined reflections, although acoustic logging showed a clear rate of stratification. In many cases, no reflections are generated because bedding is very good, and the frequency bands of seismic waves can not distinguish them. Impedance structures in the indistinguishable profile are characterized by periodicity, such as sand-shale sequence, which behaves as a frequency decay, which is different from linear decay, which generally results from absorption. This difference can be used to distinguish the attenuation of absorption and formation components and to compare their relative values. The decay of a few decibels at a hundred feet per hundred feet can be calculated only in depths where the reflectance is abnormally large. In order to determine the effect of the formation attenuation, the relationship between the parameters of the marker profile features is derived.