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目的从宏观角度分析探讨影响结核病患病率的因素,为控制结核病疫情提供依据。方法收集全球214个国家结核病及相关因素共15个指标,采用描述性分析、线性回归和广义线性模型进行单因素和多因素分析。结果结核病患病率与15~64岁年龄组构成比、≥65岁年龄组构成比、男性比例、人均医疗卫生支出、15~49岁人口艾滋病病毒感染率和不同国家之间存在统计学相关性(P<0.01),与城镇人口比例之间不存在相关性(P>0.05)。随着人均医疗卫生支出的增加,结核病患病率会随之降低;随着15~49岁人口艾滋病病毒感染率的升高,结核病患病率会随之增加。结论为了降低结核病患病率,各国应增加人均医疗卫生支出的投入,积极控制艾滋病的传播,加强结核病患者的病例发现工作。
Objective To analyze and discuss the factors influencing the prevalence of tuberculosis from a macro perspective and provide the basis for controlling the epidemic situation of tuberculosis. Methods A total of 15 indicators of tuberculosis and related factors in 214 countries were collected. Uni-factor and multivariate analysis were performed using descriptive analysis, linear regression and generalized linear models. Results The prevalence of tuberculosis was significantly higher than that of the age group of 15-64 years, the age-group of ≥65 years, the proportion of males, health expenditure per capita, HIV prevalence of 15-49-year-old population and statistical significance between different countries (P <0.01), and there was no correlation with the proportion of urban population (P> 0.05). With the increase of per capita health expenditure, the prevalence of tuberculosis will decrease. With the increase of HIV prevalence among 15-49 years old, the prevalence of tuberculosis will increase. Conclusion In order to reduce the prevalence of tuberculosis, all countries should increase input in per capita health care expenditure, actively control the spread of AIDS and strengthen the case finding of TB patients.