任何一种新的理论的提出,其最根本的意义就在于为人们提供一种新的观察事物的视角,或者说提供一种新的提问方式。美学的变革,恐怕也首先体现在这一点上。于是,我产生了以下一些想法。第一点:必须改变传统美学的提问方式。这个问题看起来似乎与我们讨论建设当代马克思主义美学、文艺学体系的问题无关,实际上关系很大。因为长期以来我们探讨美学、文艺学问题的视角,我们的提问方式,基本上还是从始于古希腊的传统美学那里承袭来的。古希腊美学,就其基本形态来说是一种宇宙本体论美学或自然本体论美学。这同当时人们的哲学世界观相关。卡西尔曾对古希腊哲学作过这样的评价:“希腊哲学在其最初阶段上看上去只关心物理宇宙。宇宙学明显地支配着哲学研究的所有其他分支。”①这个评价是符合实 The most fundamental meaning of any new theory is to provide people with a new perspective of things to be observed or to provide a new way of asking questions. Aesthetic change, I am afraid, is also reflected above all in this regard. So, I produced the following ideas. The first point: we must change the traditional aesthetics questioning. This issue seems to have nothing to do with the issue of discussing the construction of a contemporary system of Marxist aesthetics and literature and art, but it is actually a matter of great concern. Because for a long time we have explored the aesthetic and literary perspectives, our way of asking questions has basically been inherited from the traditional aesthetics that began in ancient Greece. Ancient Greek aesthetics, in its basic form, is a cosmic ontological aesthetics or a natural ontological aesthetics. This is related to people’s philosophical world view. Cassirer once commented on ancient Greek philosophy: “At its earliest stage, Greek philosophy seemed to care only about the physical universe, which apparently dominates all other branches of philosophical research.” ① This evaluation is in line with the reality