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在1960年智利大地震前15分钟,设在美国加里福尼亚州的贝尼奥夫式应变仪曾记录到周期长达300—600秒钟的波动性前兆信息。七十年代以来,国内外又用倾斜仪、地下水位计、应变仪、应力仪、长周期地震仪等记录到不少短临前兆。它们往往具有波动性质:记录曲线不完全是单向变化,而是有往返变化。各观测点收到信息的时间有一先后顺序,即有一传播过程,传播速度似乎比通常的地震波速度为慢。
Fifteen minutes prior to the Chilean earthquake in 1960, the Benioff-type strain gauge in California, USA, recorded a wave of volatility precursors with periods of up to 300-600 seconds. Since the 1970s, inclinometers, groundwater level gauges, strain gauges, stress gauges and long-period seismographs have been used at home and abroad to record many short-term precursors. They tend to have fluctuating properties: the recording curve is not exactly a one-way change, but a round-trip change. The timing of receiving information from each observation point is in a sequence, that is, there is a propagation process that appears to be slower than usual seismic wave velocities.