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以东农253为试验材料,种植密度为90000株/hm2,设置了0-N(不施氮)、70-N(195kg/hm2)、100-N(279kg/hm2)、130-N(362kg/hm2)四个氮肥处理,来研究施氮量对高密度种植下寒地春玉米光合生理及产量的影响。结果表明:四个氮肥处理的SPAD值(叶绿素含量)及Fv/Fm(PSII最大光化学效率)呈倒“V”趋势变化,均在灌浆期达到最大值,100-N处理功能叶片的SPAD值在灌浆期显著高于其他处理;100-N处理下的玉米功能叶片显著高于其他处理,光抑制最弱。吐丝期100-N处理的LAI(叶面积指数)数值最大,显著高于其他处理。灌浆期后100-N处理群体LAD(光合势)高于其他氮肥处理,并且总LAD也以100-N处理最高;100-N处理后底层和穗位层透光率均为最小。结果表明在黑龙江地区超高密度种植条件下以施氮100-N(279kg/hm2)处理为最适宜,玉米功能叶片的光合参数最佳,产量最高。
With Dongnong 253 as test material, the planting density was 90000 plants / hm2, and 0N (without nitrogen), 70-N (195kg / hm2), 100-N / hm2) to study the effects of nitrogen rate on photosynthetic physiology and yield of spring maize under high-density planting. The results showed that the SPAD value (chlorophyll content) and Fv / Fm (maximum PSII photochemical efficiency) of four nitrogenous fertilizers showed the trend of “V ”, all reached the maximum at the grain filling stage. The values were significantly higher in filling stage than those in other treatments. The functional leaves of maize under 100-N treatment were significantly higher than those of other treatments, and the photosynthesis inhibition was the weakest. LAI (leaf area index) value at 100-N silking stage was the largest, significantly higher than other treatments. The LAD (photosynthetic potential) of 100-N treatment group was higher than that of other N treatments at the filling stage, and the total LAD was the highest at 100-N treatment. The light transmission rate of bottom and ear layer after 100-N treatment was the lowest. The results showed that under the condition of ultra-high density planting in Heilongjiang Province, N-100-N (279kg / hm2) treatment was the most suitable. The functional photosynthetic parameters of maize leaves were the best, with the highest yield.