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大型水电工程的建设,特别是高坝大库的形成,对水库库区及河道下游的环境保护带来较大影响,为了减缓锦屏一级大型水库低温下泄水对下游河道省级保护鱼类的不利影响,提高3-5月份鱼类产卵期的水库下泄水温,对不同取水方式减缓低温下泄水的效果进行比较。该文运用三维水温模型模拟了锦屏一级水库采用叠梁门分层取水方案对下泄低温水的改善效果。模拟结果表明,锦屏一级水库水温有较明显的水温分层现象,其下泄水温相比建坝前坝址处天然水温有明显变化,主要表现为3-6月升温延迟,11月-次年2月降温滞后,对低温下泄水的改善效果,一层叠梁门取水方案取水效果相对较差,在鱼类产卵的3-5月,二层叠梁门和三层叠梁门方案下泄水温和河道天然水温比较接近,说明多层叠梁门取水方式对减缓锦屏一级水库低温下泄水的效果明显。综合生态保护、工程经济指标和施工难度,锦屏一级水库选择二层叠梁门取水方案较优。
The construction of large-scale hydropower projects, especially the formation of large dams and large reservoirs, has a great impact on the environmental protection in reservoir areas and the lower reaches of rivers. In order to reduce the impact of the low-temperature discharge of large-scale reservoirs in Jinping on the protection of provincial protected fish , The water temperature of reservoirs during the spawning period from March to May was increased, and the effect of different water abstraction ways to reduce the release of water under low temperature was compared. This paper uses three-dimensional water temperature model to simulate the improvement effect of Jinping first-class reservoir adopting the multi-layered door to separate low-temperature water. The simulation results show that there is a clear temperature stratification phenomenon in the Jinping-Ⅰ reservoir water temperature. The discharge water temperature has a significant change compared with the natural water temperature at the dam site before dam construction, which is mainly characterized by a delay in temperature rise from March to June and a delay from November to November In February of the year, the temperature was lagged and lagged. Due to the effect of improving the low-temperature discharge, the water withdrawal effect of a single draw-door water intake scheme was relatively poor. From March to May in the spawning period of fish, the discharge water temperature of the double- The natural water temperature of the river is relatively close, which shows that the multi-layered doorway water intake has obvious effect on slowing down the discharge of Jinping-1 reservoir at low temperature. Comprehensive ecological protection, engineering economic indicators and construction difficulty, Jinping a reservoir selection of double-glazed door water intake program better.