1.病害的防治由于盆景植物特殊环境条件,病害种类较多。如盆中培养土元素的缺乏;室内空气流通不畅;光照强度弱等因素,会使植物发生病害。病害一般发生于夏季,常见的树桩病害有根腐病、斑点病、白粉病、锈病等。(1)根腐病是由于一些致病真菌如腐霉菌等引起的根部腐朽,造成植物死亡。防治方法:主要改善环境条件,如调节光照、温度、湿度、施用肥料等,增强植物的抗病力。可用化学药剂如硫磺粉、硫酸亚铁进行土壤消毒。(2)斑点病叶部、嫩梢、果实上形成各种形状和各种颜色的坏死性病斑。大部分由真菌所致。防治方法:摘除病枝,以防蔓延。喷药保护,如喷洒波尔多液、链霉素、多菌灵等药物。(3)白粉病危害叶片、嫩枝、花、果实等。施氮肥过多、遮荫时间过长,白粉病容易发生。应注意适时适量按需要合理施肥,注意光照等。防治方法:喷洒波尔多液、五硫合剂能起防治作用。(4)锈病是由锈菌引起,会引起落 1 disease prevention and treatment of bonsai plants due to special environmental conditions, disease types more. Such as the lack of pot culture of soil elements; poor indoor air circulation; light intensity and other factors, will plant diseases. Diseases usually occur in summer, the common stump disease root rot, spot disease, powdery mildew, rust and so on. (1) root rot is due to some pathogenic fungi such as Pythium caused root decay, resulting in plant death. Prevention and treatment methods: Mainly improve the environmental conditions, such as adjusting the light, temperature, humidity, fertilizers, etc., to enhance the plant’s disease resistance. Available chemical agents such as sulfur powder, ferrous sulfate for soil disinfection. (2) spot disease leaves, tender shoots, the formation of various shapes and various colors of necrotic lesions. Mostly caused by fungi. Prevention and treatment methods: removal of diseased branches to prevent the spread. Spray protection, such as spraying Bordeaux mixture, streptomycin, carbendazim and other drugs. (3) powdery mildew hazards leaves, twigs, flowers, fruits and so on. Too much nitrogen fertilizer, shading time is too long, powdery mildew prone. Should pay attention to timely and appropriate fertilization according to need, pay attention to light and so on. Prevention and treatment methods: spraying Bordeaux mixture, five sulfur mixture can play a role in prevention and treatment. (4) Rust is caused by rust, can cause fall