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一、前言苏联自五十年代起便开始大规模地进行牵引动力改造,以内燃机车和电力机车取代蒸汽机车。到1975年,苏联铁路用的蒸汽机车已被全部淘汰。据统计,苏联(到1985年底)已有内燃机车57400余节,1984年所完成的货运量占总货运量的42％。随着牵引动力改革的发展,苏联铁路在机车运用、检修和管理等方面也都引起了一系列的变革,积累了许多好的经验,并在提高机车运用可靠性、延长机车寿命和提高机车利用率
I. Foreword Since the 1950s, the Soviet Union started a large-scale conversion of traction power to replace steam locomotives with diesel locomotives and electric locomotives. By 1975, the steam locomotives for Soviet railways had been completely eliminated. According to statistics, the Soviet Union (by the end of 1985) has had more than 57,400 diesel locomotives. In 1984, the cargo volume accomplished was 42% of the total cargo volume. With the development of the traction power reform, the Soviet Union Railway also caused a series of changes in locomotive operation, maintenance and management, and accumulated many good experiences. It also improved the reliability of locomotive operation, prolongs the service life of locomotives and improves the utilization of locomotives rate