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过去仅将耳鼻喉科等领域使用的,以局部作用为目的的滴鼻剂采用鼻腔内给药。但由于近年来已知药物通过鼻粘膜吸收良好。因此学者们以全身作用为目的,对鼻腔内给药途径进行了大量探讨,从而形成了现在药物转运系统的一个领域。本文仅论述以全身作用为目的的鼻腔内给药。鼻腔内给药的意义口服药物尽管也能被吸收,但由于在消化管粘膜和肝脏受第一关卡效应的影响,高水溶性药物由消化管吸收的速度很慢,由于肽类等分子量大,难于吸收,易被消化酶分解。与之不同,鼻腔内给药时,药物一经吸收,就像静脉注射那样,完全进入体循环。
In the past, nasal drops were administered to nasal drops, which are used only in the field of otolaryngology, for the purpose of local action. However, it is known that the absorption of the drug through the nasal mucosa is good in recent years. Therefore, scholars to systemic effect for the purpose of the nasal route of administration has been a lot of discussion, thus forming the current drug delivery system in one area. This article addresses only intranasal administration for systemic effects. The significance of intranasal administration Although oral drugs can be absorbed, but due to the first checkpoint effect in the digestive tract mucosa and liver, high water-soluble drugs absorbed by the digestive tract is very slow, due to the large molecular weight of peptides, Difficult to absorb, easily digested by enzymes. In contrast, intranasal administration, once absorbed by the drug, acts as an intravenous injection into the systemic circulation.