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害虫的综合防治(IPM)是同时利用害虫与环境的状况,通过最经济、合理的手段对人类及其财产与环境尽可能减少危害的有效的害虫防治方法.本文中提出了进行综合防治的四个基本要素:1)卫生;2)机械防治;3)物理方法及法规;4)杀虫剂的使用.以及实施的基本步骤:1)调查;2)所防治害虫的鉴别;3)措施的制定;4)实施. 扼要地介绍了香港害虫防治概况。香港常见的家庭害虫计有: 蜚蠊:美洲大蠊Periplaneta americana 德国小蠊Blattela germanica 跳蚤:印鼠客蚤Xenopsylla cheopis 猫栉首蚤指名亚种Ctenocephalides xelis 缓慢细蚤 Leptopsylla segnis 蜱:血红扇头蜱Rhipicephalus sanguineous 衣鱼:西洋衣鱼Lepisma saecharina 鼠:褐家鼠 Rattus norvegicus 黑家鼠Rattus zattus 鼷鼠 Mus musculus 白蚁:黄翅大白蚁Macrotermes barneyi台湾家白蚁Coptotermes formosanus 香港常用的杀虫剂计有: 1)氯代烃类杀虫剂:狄氏剂氯丹 2)磷酸酯类杀虫剂:Diazinon 敌敌畏毒死蜱 3)氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂:残杀威 噁虫威 4)除虫菊酯/合成除虫菊酯类杀虫剂:天然除虫菊二氯苯醚菊酯 Cislin 5)熏蒸剂:溴甲烷磷化氢上述杀虫剂有不同的剂型:油剂、乳化浓缩剂、可湿性粉剂、诱饵和合成树脂块. 对鼠类,主要用防鼠措施、捕鼠器、毒杀和猫、狗生物防治等综合性方法防治。灭鼠药在香港市场上有售的有杀鼠灵(Warfarin)、羟基香豆素(Hydroxy—Coumarin)、Bromadialone、敌鼠(Diphacinone)和Brodifacoum等制成的浓缩液或精制的诱饵剂. 防治白蚁的主要对象是台湾家白蚁,其综合防治方法包括机械的变更,毒土处理、地基处理及木构件处理。在香港市售的灭白蚁药剂有狄氏剂和氯丹.
Integrated pest management (IPM) is an effective pest control method that uses both pests and the environment at the same time and minimizes the harm to human beings and their property and environment through the most economical and reasonable means.In this paper, Basic elements: 1) hygiene 2) mechanical control 3) physical methods and regulations 4) use of pesticides and basic steps for implementation: 1) investigation 2) identification of pests to be controlled 3) Formulate; 4) Implement. Briefly introduce the general situation of pest control in Hong Kong. Common domestic pests in Hong Kong include: Cockroaches: Periplaneta americana Blattella germanica Blattella germanica Flea: Xenopsylla cheopis Ctenocephalides xelis Leptopsylla segnis Ticks: Rhipicephalus sanguineous Fish: Walleye Lepisma saecharina Rat: Rattus norvegicus Rattus norvegicus Rattus zattus 鼷鼠 Mus musculus Termites: Yellow-winged Macrotermes barneyi Taiwan Termite Coptotermes formosanus Commonly used pesticides in Hong Kong are: 1) Chlorine Hydrocarbon Pesticides: Dieldrin Chlordane 2) Phosphate Pesticides: Diazinon Dichlorvos Chlorpyrifos 3) Carbamate Insecticides: Carnitine Insecticide 4) Pyrethroid / Pyrethroid Insecticides Agents: Natural pyrethrin Perphenacyrin Cislin 5) Fumigant: Methyl bromide Phosphine The above insecticides come in different formulations: oil, emulsifiable concentrates, wettable powders, bait and synthetic resin blocks. For rodents, The main anti-rat measures, mousetrap, poison kill and cats, dogs biological control and other comprehensive prevention and treatment. Rodenticides Available on the market in Hong Kong are concentrated solutions or refined baits prepared from Warfarin, Hydroxy-Coumarin, Bromadialone, Diphacinone and Brodifacoum. Termites are the main target termite termites in Taiwan, and its comprehensive prevention and treatment methods include mechanical changes, toxic soil treatment, foundation treatment and wood processing. Termite agents and chlordane are commercially available in Hong Kong.