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配方施肥是我国施肥技术上的一项重大改革。当前吉林省推广应用的配方施肥主要是养分平衡法与肥料效应函数法,二者各具优缺点。为了进一步探讨它们在同一生产条件下的实施效果及应掌握的关键问题,于1982—1986年在吉林省农安县进行了本项研究。测土施肥系根据养分平衡法原理,应用全省编制的BASLC语言程序及PC—1500微机,由当年春季土壤养分测得值计算施肥量。回归施肥系采用1983—1984氮磷二因素五水平重复D—饱和回归试验获得的两年平均最佳施肥量。结果表明,两种配方施肥的实施效果均明显好于习惯施肥,二者之间无明显差异。由此确认,测土施肥与回归施肥都是行之有效的科学施肥技术,在生产条件下均可应用。作者强调指出,无论采用何种方法,均需掌握该法的关键所在。如测土肥法应正确选用施肥量计算公式中的主要参数,特别是土壤养分利用系数,需在实践中不断加以修订。回归施肥法则应严格掌握肥料效应函数方程式的拟合精度,并以采用多年试验获得的最佳施肥量的平均值为宜.在可能条件下尽量将二法结合起来应用。
Formula fertilization is a major reform of fertilization technology in China. At present, the fertilizer application in Jilin Province is mainly the nutrient balance method and the fertilizer effect function method, both of which have advantages and disadvantages. In order to further discuss their implementation effect under the same production conditions and the key problems that should be grasped, this study was conducted in Nong’an County, Jilin Province from 1982 to 1986. Soil testing and fertilization department according to the principle of nutrient balance method, the application of the preparation of the province’s BASLC language program and the PC-1500 microcomputer, calculated from the spring soil nutrient values measured in spring. Regression fertilization system using 1983-1984 nitrogen and phosphorus two-factor five-level repeat D-saturation regression test obtained the best two-year average fertilization. The results showed that the effect of two kinds of formula fertilizers were significantly better than that of conventional fertilizers, no significant difference between the two. Thus confirms that soil testing and fertilization and fertilization are fertile scientific fertilization technology, can be applied under production conditions. The author emphasizes that no matter what method is adopted, the key to the law needs to be mastered. Such as soil testing fertilizer method should be the correct choice of fertilizer calculation formula of the main parameters, especially soil nutrient utilization coefficient, need to be constantly revised in practice. Regression fertilization law should strictly grasp the fitting effect of fertilizer function equation, and take the average of the best fertilization amount obtained through years of experiments.As far as possible, the combination of the two methods should be applied.