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制度是经济增长的内生变量长期以来,人们把经济增长的动力局限在物的因素上,忽略了制度的因素,以至于使经济增长理论受到实践的严重挑战:为什么拥有世界上第一个发射人造地球卫星技术的前苏联未能出现普遍令人满意的经济增长?为什么拥有巨大的“石油美元“资本的中东国家未能成为新兴工业国?号称“铜矿之国”的扎伊尔、赞比亚却仍然是贫穷的发展中国家?1981年,扎伊尔人均国民生产总值仅为210美元;相反,人才奇缺、资源匮乏的东亚“四小龙”,自1965年以来始终保持了强劲的发展势头,纷纷步入“新兴工业国”行列,创造了
Institutions are Endogenous Variables of Economic Growth For a long time, people have limited their motivation for economic growth to material factors and ignored the institutional factors that have made the theory of economic growth a serious challenge to practice: why they have the world's first launch Why did the Middle East, with its huge “oil-dollar” capital, fail to emerge as a nascent industrialized country? Zaire, Zambia, known as the “copper-mining country,” was not able to achieve satisfactory general economic growth. Still a poor developing country? In 1981, the per capita GDP of Zaire was only 210 U.S. dollars. On the contrary, the “four small dragons” of East Asia, which lacked talent and lack resources, have maintained a strong momentum of development since 1965 , Have entered the ranks of “emerging industrialized countries” and created