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法兰克福学派大多数成员的犹太人身份和背景,使他们具有一种浓厚的“弥赛亚”式救赎思想,并成为其学派的主流思想。在法兰克福学派看来,20世纪30年代西方资本主义形成的“大一统”格局和流行的“管理革命”思潮带来了一个关于资本主义的现代神话和乌托邦,资本主义的意识形态以大众文化的形式开始渗入到社会的各个层面,使人们产生了一种虚幻的美感和幸福感。异化的社会与人性需要拯救。他们因而把希望寄托于唯一一类还没有屈从社会既定价值的主体——文学家和艺术家,把文学艺术当成反抗社会和解放人类的工具,让它参与到拯救和恢复人性的活动中去,由此强调文学艺术的救赎作用。
The Jewish identity and background of most members of the Frankfurt school gives them a strong “Messiah” salvation idea and their mainstream thinking. To the Frankfurt School, the trend of “grand unification” and popular “management revolution” formed by western capitalism in the 1930s brought about a modern myth of capitalism and the ideology of utopia and capitalism In the form of mass culture began to infiltrate into all aspects of society, so that people have a kind of illusion of beauty and happiness. Alienated society and humanity need to be saved. They therefore placed their hopes on the only class of subjects that have not yet conquered the established value of society, such as writers and artists, regarded literary arts as a tool to revolt against society and liberate human beings, and allowed them to participate in the activities of saving and restoring humanity. This emphasizes the salvation function of literature and art.