一、配好盆土。选择和配好盆土是养好山茶花的关键。经笔者多年实践证明,山茶花在PH值5.5-6之间为最适宜,就天然土壤来说,落叶松的腐殖土最为理想。在栽植时可按腐殖土60%,煤灰或腐熟的锯末20%,其他腐熟基肥20%的比例配置。按以上配置的盆土不需另加黄泥土,因黄泥土易造成土壤板结。在日常管理中,若发现缺铁,可在生长期每月浇一次0.2%的硫酸亚铁水溶液,亦可改变土壤的酸碱度。二、氮肥催春梢。山茶花一般在18℃左右开始萌发新梢。枝梢的抽生一年有两次,第一次在春天(约3月中旬至4月中下旬),称春梢;第二次在夏季(约7月中下旬至9月上旬),称夏梢。着生花芽的枝一般不萌发夏梢。山茶花的花芽多着生在春季抽发的新梢上。因此,养好春梢是能否开好花的关键。当春梢开始萌发时,要施以氮肥为主的催芽肥,每周一次,直到 First, with good basin soil. Selection and allocation of peat soil is the key to raising Camellia. After many years of practice, the author has shown that camellia is most suitable for the pH value of 5.5-6. For natural soils, larch humus is the most ideal. When planting can humus 60%, ash or decomposed sawdust 20%, 20% of the other basaltic fertilizer ratio configuration. According to the above configuration of basin soil without additional yellow soil, yellow soil easily lead to soil compaction. In day-to-day management, if iron deficiency is found, 0.2% ferrous sulfate aqueous solution can be poured once a month in the growing season, and the pH of the soil can also be changed. Second, nitrogen fertilizer urged spring shoots. Camellia generally germination at about 18 ℃ shoots. Twig shoots twice a year, the first in the spring (about mid-March to late April), said spring shoots; the second in the summer (about mid-late July to early September), said Summer shoots. The buds of flower buds generally do not germinate. Camellia flower buds live in the new shoots drawn in the spring. Therefore, raising a good spring shoot is the key to good or not. When the spring shoots germinate, it is necessary to apply nitrogen-based germination fertilizer, once a week, until