少年(儿童或未成年人)是国家最为重要的战略资源,关乎国脉兴衰。联合国《儿童权利宣言》《儿童权利公约》《少年司法最低限度标准规则(北京规则)》等国际准则以及各国的国内法皆确立了关于少年的迥异于成年人的法律规则体系,即少年法。从其诞生之日起,少年法越来越引起社会的关注和国家的重视。少年法有着显著而独特的基本原则,如少年最佳利益原则和少年特别保护原则。《儿童权利宣言》即明确规定,“儿童应受到特别保护,并应通过法律和其他方法而获得各 Juveniles (children or minors) are the country’s most important strategic resource, related to the rise and fall of Guomai. The United Nations International Declaration on the Rights of the Child, the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (Beijing Rules) and other national norms and national laws of all countries have established a juvenile law system that is different from adults, namely the Juvenile Law. Since its birth, the juvenile law has drawn more and more attention from the society and the country. Juvenile law has distinct and unique basic principles, such as the principle of the best interests of juveniles and the principle of special protection for juveniles. The Declaration of the Rights of the Child clearly stipulates that ”children should be given special protection and should be legally and otherwise obtained