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广州市地面塌陷频繁发生,近20年来呈波浪式上升趋势,主要分为岩溶地面塌陷和工程地面塌陷两种。具有点多面广、灾害点个体规模小、稳定性差、活动频繁、危害严重、地质灾害发育呈明显的地域性以及季节性发育与分布特点。岩溶地面塌陷主要分布在广花盆地的花都区、白云区,工程地面塌陷主要分布在主城区。地面塌陷形成条件复杂,是多种因素相互作用的结果。地层岩性是其形成的内在要素,在一定程度上决定着地质灾害的发育程度与类型。人为因素和强降雨是地面塌陷的主要诱发因素。岩溶地面塌陷主要是由于过量抽取地下水或矿山疏干排水、地下采空、暴雨激发所引起;工程地面塌陷主要是人类经济工程行为所致,主要包括排水疏干与突水(突泥)作用、人工加载、人工振捣、人工振动、人工开挖、基坑、桩基、地表渗水、坑道、过街隧道、地铁等地下工程结构掘进等。对地面塌陷的防治应采用点面结合综合治理的方法。
Ground subsidence occurs frequently in Guangzhou City, with a wave-like upward trend in the past two decades. It is mainly divided into two types: karst ground subsidence and engineering ground subsidence. It is characterized by a wide range of spots, small scale, low stability, frequent activities, serious damage and obvious regional and seasonal development and distribution of geological disasters. The karst ground subsidence is mainly distributed in Huadu District and Baiyun District of Guanghua Basin, and the ground subsidence of the works is mainly distributed in the main urban area. The conditions for the formation of ground subsidence are complicated and result from the interaction of many factors. Formation lithology is its formation of intrinsic elements, to a certain extent, determines the degree and type of development of geological disasters. Human factors and heavy rainfall are the main inducing factors of ground subsidence. The karst ground subsidence is mainly caused by excessive extraction of groundwater or mine drainage and drainage, underground mined-out and rainstorm excitation. The engineering subsidence is mainly caused by human economic engineering activities, including drainage and water inrush (mud) Artificial loading, artificial vibration, artificial vibration, artificial excavation, foundation pit, pile foundation, surface water seepage, tunnels, tunnels and subways and other underground structures. Prevention and control of ground subsidence should be integrated with point-by-point approach.