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目的 :探讨老年人咳嗽变异型哮喘的临床特点 ,以便早诊断、早治疗。方法 :回顾性分析 4 8例老年人咳嗽变异型哮喘的症状、体征、胸部X线、气道反应性测定、治疗及疗效 ,并以 4 6例青年人咳嗽变异型哮喘为对照。结果 :老年组院外均误诊为支气管—肺感染。老年组咳痰 (41 7% ) ,肺部罗音 (2 9 2 % ) ,胸片炎性改变 (2 0 8% ) ,均明显多于青年组的 6 5 %、2 5 %、及0 ,差异有显著性 (P均 <0 0 1)。两组所有病人均有气道高反应性。老年组咳嗽消失时间为 6～ 2 0天 (平均 14 2天 ) ,明显长于青年组的 4～ 11天 (平均 7 3天 ) ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 1)。结论 :老年人咳嗽变异型哮喘极易误诊为支气管 -肺感染。老年人出现慢性咳嗽 ,抗感染治疗无效 ,应尽早作气道反应性测定。
Objective: To investigate the clinical features of cough variant asthma in the elderly for early diagnosis and early treatment. Methods: The symptoms, signs, chest X-ray, airway responsiveness, curative effect and curative effect of cough variant asthma were retrospectively analyzed in 48 elderly people. 46 cases of cough variant asthma were used as control. Results: The elderly group were misdiagnosed as bronchial-lung infection. Senile sputum (41.7%), pulmonary rales (29.2%), chest X-ray inflammatory changes (20.8%) were significantly more than 65%, 25%, and 0 , The difference was significant (P <0.01). All patients in both groups had airway hyperresponsiveness. Elderly cough disappear time is 6 to 20 days (an average of 14 2 days), significantly longer than the young group of 4 to 11 days (an average of 73 days), the difference was significant (P <0.01). Conclusion: Cough variant asthma in elderly can be easily misdiagnosed as bronchopulmonary infection. Chronic cough in the elderly, anti-infective therapy is invalid, as early as possible airway responsiveness determination.