前人已经总结了几种分析“测定电源的电动势和内阻”的系统误差的方法,但都比较抽象或较难理解。本文从函数思想出发,以伏安法为例,对这个实验的系统误差进行分析。总体思路:伏安法测电源的电动势和内阻这个实验往往用作图法处理数据。作出U-I图线后,利用其纵截距等于电动势E以及斜率的绝对值等于内阻r计算结果。因此,我们可以分别写出实际情况下和理想情况下U与I的函数关系式。比较斜率和纵截距的差别,即 Predecessors have summarized several methods for analyzing systematic errors in the “measurement of the electromotive force and internal resistance of the power supply”, but they are all relatively abstract or difficult to understand. This article starts from the function idea and uses voltammetry as an example to analyze the systematic errors of this experiment. The general idea: Volt-ampere measurement of the electromotive force and internal resistance of a power source This experiment is often used as a graph to process data. After U-I plot is made, the longitudinal intercept is equal to the electromotive force E and the absolute value of the slope is equal to the internal resistance r calculation result. Therefore, we can write functional relationships between U and I under real and ideal conditions, respectively. Compare the difference between slope and longitudinal intercept, ie