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目的了解城乡结合地区儿童父母对计划免疫知识的认知情况,为进一步做好国家扩大免疫规划工作提供科学依据。方法用自行设计的问卷对广州市城乡结合地区儿童父母进行随机调查。结果不同文化程度、户籍的儿童父母在获取计划免疫知识态度及途径上差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),本科及以上学历、本市户籍及企业管理人员了解相关的计划免疫知识的积极性较高。87.3%的儿童父母会按时带儿童接种疫苗,父母年龄、户籍、职业、文化程度在计划免疫行为方面差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。儿童父母计划免疫知识平均得分7.22,最高分10分,最低分0分。对计划内疫苗种类的知晓率最高为卡介苗及乙肝疫苗,最低为白破二联疫苗及A群流脑疫苗。疫苗接种程序认知情况与疫苗种类的认知情况排名顺序基本一致。结论影响群众参与免疫规划的重要因素为文化程度、户籍。
Objective To understand the cognition of children’s immunization knowledge in the urban-rural areas and to provide a scientific basis for further expanding the national immunization program. Methods Randomized questionnaires were used to survey the parents of children in Guangzhou urban-rural areas. Results Parents with different educational level and household registration had statistically significant differences (P <0.05) in attitude and approach to acquiring knowledge of planned immunization (P <0.05). Bachelor degree or above, household registration and business management staff in Municipality had more enthusiasm about knowledge of planned immunization high. 87.3% of the children’s parents vaccinated children on a regular basis. There was no significant difference in the immunization behavior between the parents’ age, household registration, occupation and educational level (P> 0.05). The average score of planned immunization knowledge for children’s parents is 7.22, the highest score is 10 and the lowest score is 0. The highest awareness of the planned vaccine types was BCG vaccine and hepatitis B vaccine, and the lowest was Baibudian vaccine and Group A meningitis vaccine. The cognition of the vaccination program is basically the same as that of the cognitive status of the vaccine category. Conclusion The main factors affecting the mass participation in immunization programs are education and household registration.