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(一)民间美术的审美创造心态 民间工艺造物的首要目的和基本功能是为了满足人们生存生活的自然需要,然而人类与动物相揖别不仅仅因为人类能够进行物质生产劳动、创造了生存所需的物质资料,同时,“人的类的特性”在于人的活动是一种“自由自觉的活动”,“有意识的生命活动直接把人跟动物的生命区别开来。”也就是说,人类的劳动是一种有意识的自觉的创造活动,是人作为类的存在物的普遍特性,这种劳动也不是仅仅为了满足物质生存需要的劳动,人的创造性和自觉意识是与人的类的特点直接联系在一起的,这种劳动是为了满足人类需要的丰富性和多层次性的劳动,是一种主观能动的全面的人类劳动,这仍然如同马克思在论述“异化劳动”时所指出的:
(A) the creation of aesthetics of folk art mentality The primary purpose and basic function of folk craft creation is to meet the natural needs of people’s life, however, humans and animals not only because human beings can not material production labor, and created the necessary survival At the same time, “the nature of human beings” lies in the fact that human activity is a kind of “free and conscious activity,” and “conscious life activity directly distinguishes human beings from animal life.” That is, human beings Labor is a conscious and conscious creative activity, which is a universal characteristic of the existence of human beings as a category. This kind of labor is not merely a work that meets the needs of material existence. Human creativity and self-awareness are directly related to the characteristics of human beings. It is a kind of subjective, dynamic and comprehensive human labor that is still the same as Marx pointed out when discussing “alienated labor”: