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一套瑞利散射激光雷达已部署在南极中山站(69.4° S,76.4° E)用于探测大气密度和温度.该激光雷达的光源为二倍频Nd∶YAG脉冲激光器,重复频率30 Hz,单脉冲能量约400 mJ,同时使用一台0.8m口径的垂直指向望远镜作为接收望远镜,可以探测平流层上层及中间层下层(USLM)区域的大气密度及温度廓线.在垂直分辨率为300 m,时间分辨率为30 min的情况下,由光子噪声引起的大气密度和温度测量不确定性分别小于1.5％和1K.该激光雷达自2020年3月开始在中山站开展常规观测,有助于研究极区USLM区域的大气密度、温度的变化特征以及大气波动的传播特性.“,”A Rayleigh scattering lidar for measuring the atmospheric density and temperature has been deployed at Zhongshan Station (69.4° S,76.4° E),Antarctica.Lidar transmitter was a frequency doubled Nd∶YAG laser with ～400 mJ pulse energy and 30 Hz repetition rate.A telescope with 0.8 m diameter pointing to the zenith direction served as the lidar receiver.This lidar was capable of profiling the density and temperature in the Upper Stratosphere and Lower Mesosphere (USLM) region.At the vertical resolution of 300 m and the temporal resolution of 30 min,the lidar measurement uncertainties,mainly due to the photon noise,were calculated to be within 1.5％ and 1 K for density and temperature,respectively.Since March 2020,this lidar has been routinely operated at Zhongshan station for exploring the atmospheric density and temperature variations and wave propagation characteristics in the polar USLM region,