“逻辑的和历史的统一”是马克思主义的经典方法。马克思在《政治经济学批判导言·政治经济学方法》中作了准确的表述。但人们在运用这个方法的时候往往会发生岐义,甚至包含着对这个方法论的一个原则性的误解。本文试借对这个方法论的涵义的探讨,澄清一些误解的观点。一建构一种科学的思想体系,一种学说,都应有它内面的逻辑起点,这已成为学者们的共识。应该如何确立逻辑起点呢?一种普遍的观点认为,按历史与逻辑一致的原则,这个逻辑起点,就是历史上和实际上摆在我 “The unity of logic and history ” is the classic method of Marxism. Marx made an accurate statement in the “Introduction to Political Economics Criticism, Political Economy Methods”. However, when people use this method, they often disagree, and even contain a principled misunderstanding of this methodology. This article attempts to explore the implications of this methodology by clarifying some of the misconceptions. It has become the consensus of scholars to construct a scientific system of thought and a doctrine, all of which should have its logical starting point. How should we establish the logical starting point? A common view is that this logical starting point, based on the principle of history and logic, is historically and physically placed on me