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华兹生是20世纪美国汉学界最杰出的《史记》研究者和翻译家。他的《史记》文学艺术研究论及创作动机、叙事语言特色和人物塑造等方面,构成我国《史记》研究的重要他者。他强调了司马迁为自身及所传人物存后世名的创作动机,分析了司马迁利用诗歌谣谚辅助叙事以及赋予历史人物话语以“言志”的巧妙文学手法,并对司马迁进行了作家心理分析。指出司马迁笔下的孔子形象更接近失败者而非圣人,是对其个人命运的影射。超越自我的封闭性,融合外域他者的不同视角能够促进对《史记》文学艺术价值的全面认识。从华兹生他者的视角审视《史记》的文学艺术,有助于拓展经典文本《史记》的文学阐释空间,启发《史记》研究者通过互动交流取得新成果。
Watson is the most outstanding historian researcher and translator in 20th century American sinology. His research on literary and artistic works in “Historical Records” deals with the motivation of his creation, the narrative language characteristics and the characterization, which constitute the important other of the study of “Historical Records” in our country. He emphasized Sima Qian’s creative motive for writing his own name and his true name, and analyzed Sima Qian’s skillful literary approach of using “poetic rhyming aids” to assist the narrative and endow the historical figures with analysis. It points out that Sima Qian’s image of Confucius is closer to the loser than to the sage, which is a reflection of his personal fate. Surpassing the self-enclosedness and integrating different perspectives of others in the outer domain can promote a comprehensive understanding of the value of the literary and artistic works in the Historical Records. Examining the literature and art of Shiji from the perspective of the other Watson helps to expand the space of literary interpretation of the historical text Shi Ji and inspire the researchers in the Book of Records to achieve new achievements through interaction.