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目的:了解我院抗菌药物致药品不良反应(ADR)发生的原因及特点。方法:对我院2005～2009年收集到的347例抗菌药物致ADR报告进行回顾性统计、分析。结果:我院347份ADR报告中共涉及9类抗菌药物,头孢菌素类及喹诺酮类引发的ADR最多,分别占36.60%(127例)、22.77%(79例)。其中,左氧氟沙星和头孢曲松所占比例最大,分别占14.70%、12.39%;ADR累及的器官或系统以皮肤及其附件损害最多,有158例(占42.36%);由于不合理用药而导致的ADR有175例,占50.43%,其中,剂量选择错误是主要原因,无感染指征用药、选药不当、联合用药不合理、溶媒选择错误均占有一定比例。175例不合理用药导致的ADR中,头孢菌素类抗生素所占比例最高,占46.29%。结论:抗菌药物致ADR的发生与多种因素有关,临床应重视抗菌药物的合理使用,警惕可能由于抗菌药物的不合理使用而诱发的严重ADR,从而合理、规范地使用抗菌药物,减少ADR的发生。
Objective: To understand the causes and characteristics of adverse drug reaction (ADR) caused by antibiotics in our hospital. Methods: The ADR reports of 347 cases of antibiotics collected in our hospital from 2005 to 2009 were retrospectively analyzed and analyzed. Results: There were 9 classes of antimicrobial agents in 347 ADR cases in our hospital. Cephalosporins and quinolones caused the most ADRs, accounting for 36.60% (127 cases) and 22.77% (79 cases), respectively. Among them, levofloxacin and ceftriaxone accounted for the largest proportion, accounting for 14.70% and 12.39% respectively; the organs and systems affected by ADR had the most damage to the skin and its appendages, with 158 cases (42.36%); due to unreasonable drug use ADR has 175 cases, accounting for 50.43%, among them, the wrong choice of dosage is the main reason, no indications for medication, improper drug selection, combined medication unreasonable, solvent selection errors account for a certain proportion. Among the 175 unreasonable cases of ADR, cephalosporins accounted for the highest proportion, accounting for 46.29%. Conclusion: The occurrence of ADR caused by antibiotics is related to many factors. The rational use of antibacterials should be emphasized clinically, and vigilance should be given to the serious ADR which may be caused by the irrational use of antibacterials so that the use of antimicrobial agents can be rationally regulated and ADR reduced occur.