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一百多年前恩格斯写下的《自然辩证法·导言》和《<反杜林论>旧序》系统阐述了辩证唯物主义对自然的辩证性质的理解,是对马克思主义哲学体系建设的一大贡献。恩格斯列举了近代自然科学的发展向形而上学的自然观发出的六次挑战,揭示了唯物辩证的自然观代替形而上学自然观的历史必然性。恩格斯还揭示从原始星云到人类社会的发展,证明无限的宇宙无生无灭,而有限的事物有生有天,为我们描绘了一幅自然界及人类社会普遍联系和无限发展的图景。最后,指出理论思维与自然科学研究的密切联系;自然科学的新成就推动哲学(理论思维)的发展,自然科学的研究需要哲学来指导。
One hundred years ago Engels wrote “The Introduction to Dialectics of Nature” and “The Anti-Duhring Theory” The Old Preface systematically expounds the dialectical materialism’s understanding of the dialectical nature of nature, which is a great contribution to the construction of Marxist philosophy contribution. Engels cited six challenges posed by the development of modern natural science to the metaphysical view of nature and revealed the historical inevitability of replacing the view of nature of materialism with that of metaphysics. Engels also revealed the development from the primitive nebula to human society, proving that the infinite universe has no end to life and that limited things have been created to give us a picture of the universal connection and unlimited development of nature and human society. Finally, it points out the close relationship between theoretical thinking and natural science research; the new achievement of natural science promotes the development of philosophy (theoretical thinking), and the study of natural science needs philosophy to guide it.