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自2015年5月1日起正式施行的新《行政诉讼法》对行政复议机关作被告的问题做了较大的修改。这种修改的初衷是用行政诉讼倒逼行政复议,要求行政复议机关积极履行作为义务,以期发挥行政复议的解决行政纠纷功能,增强行政复议的公信力,发挥行政复议制度设计的优势。但理论界与实务界对复议机关在行政诉讼中是否应作被告以及如何作被告仍有较大的争议,应从行政复议的功能定位、行政复议行为的性质以及法理分析等方面考量。
The new Administrative Procedure Law, which came into force on May 1, 2015, has made major changes to the question of the administrative review body as the defendant. The original intention of this revision is to reverse the administrative reconsideration with administrative litigation, requiring the administrative reconsideration organ to actively perform its obligations as an administrative reconsideration administrative penalty function, enhance the credibility of administrative reconsideration, and give full play to the advantages of the administrative reconsideration system design. However, there is still much controversy between the theoretical circle and the practical circles on whether the reviewing organ should be the defendant in the administrative proceedings and how to make the defendants. Consideration should be given from the aspects of the functional reconsideration, the nature of administrative reconsideration and the legal analysis.