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19世纪90年代,中外矛盾上升,帝国主义压力增大,国际环境对中国日益不利;与此同时,群众性的、大规模的反洋教斗争一浪接着一浪的发生,危及清王朝的统治。为了避免形势失控,洋人借端生事,张之洞一方面严厉镇压反洋教斗争,保护洋教;另一方面,抑制洋教势力,持平办理教案,平抑民愤。张之洞依照条约处理反洋教斗争和教案,一定程度上维护了人民的利益、国家的主权。
In the 1890s, with the rise of contradictions between China and the rest of the world, the pressure from imperialism increased and the international environment was increasingly unfavorable to China. At the same time, the wave of mass and large-scale anti-foreignism struggles endanger the rule of the Qing dynasty . In order to prevent the situation from getting out of control, foreigners learned something from others. On the one hand, Chang Chih-tung severely suppressed anti-foreign religious struggles and protected foreign religions. On the other hand, he suppressed the forces of foreign religions and handled the lesson plans in a balanced manner and suppressed public outrage. Zhang Zhidong’s handling of anti-foreign religious struggles and lesson plans in accordance with treaties, to some extent, safeguarded the interests of the people and the sovereignty of the country.