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以农用机械传动部件“流转插头”为例,利用DEFORM-3D软件对挤压成形过程进行分析,揭示了该类316L不锈钢锻件的热锻造成形载荷和热磨损的变化规律。基于正交试验法全面分析了坯料初始温度、模具初始温度、打击速度、模具硬度对成形载荷和模具磨损深度的影响规律。结果表明:4组因素中,打击速度对成形载荷的影响最大,模具硬度对模具磨损深度的影响最大;综合考虑4个因素的模拟结果确定了最优方案,即坯料初始温度为1150℃、模具初始温度为250℃、打击速度为0.3 m·s~(-1)、模具硬度为62HRC。实际生产发现,按照最优方案中的初始温度和打击速度能够生产出质量合格的锻件。
Taking the transmission component of agricultural machinery as an example, the extrusion process was analyzed by DEFORM-3D software, and the variation of hot forging forming load and thermal wear of 316L stainless steel forgings was revealed. Based on the orthogonal test method, the influences of initial billet temperature, initial mold temperature, striking speed and mold hardness on forming load and mold wear depth were analyzed. The results show that the impact rate has the most important influence on the forming load among the four factors, and the influence of mold hardness on the wear depth of the mold is the most important. Based on the simulation results of four factors, the optimal solution is obtained. The initial temperature of the billet is 1150 ℃, The initial temperature is 250 ℃, the blow speed is 0.3 m · s ~ (-1) and the mold hardness is 62HRC. The actual production found that, in accordance with the optimal program in the initial temperature and blow speed to produce qualified forgings.